THE SHORT ESSAY ON WASTE MANAGEMENT free essay sample

A large number of interrelated waste management tasks and their high complexity require a systematic approach to sweepings management. Waste management essay is an integral part of the overall stewardship system. The structure, responsibilities, practices, procedures, and processes should be coordinated with work in other areas, for example, in production and economic activities, in the field of public health, etc. Ending the waste management essay introduction, it is necessary to say that this structure alone can not exist, therefore, it should be included in the environmental stewardship system.Stages of the Amplification of a Sweepings Management System in the Second Half of the 20th Century Disposal of waste in small landfills; The end of the 70s: construction of landfills engineering structures with wastewater filtrate purification systems and biogas utilization; 80-is. amplification of a separate collection system for SHW, amplification of the secondary market; 90-is. Processing of solid sweepings with the separation of organic component and its subsequent composting. We will write a custom essay sample on THE SHORT ESSAY ON WASTE MANAGEMENT or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The current scheme of waste processing is the sorting of sweepings to remove secondary raw materials, separation of the organic part for composting and solid fractions to be burned or buried. The New Approach to Waste Management The main promise of any speech on waste management is in the fact that the transition from the landfilling of the entire mass of solid domestic sweepings to industrial processing to 50-60% of its weight is the main trend in solving the problem of waste in world practice. It should be understood that the practical solution of industrial sweepings processing is associated with large capital investments, so the construction of industrial waste processing facilities is rather slow.Waste stewardship begins with a change in the look at what household sweepings are. A well-known expert on the waste problem, Paul Connett, has a formulation expressing this new view: Rubbish is not a substance, but the art of mixing together different useful things and objects, thereby determining their place in a landfill.Traditional approaches to the sweepings problem focused on reducing the hazardous impact on the environment by isolating the landfill from groundwater, cleaning emissions from incineration p lants, etc. The basis of the concept of waste management is that the sweepings consist of various components that must not mix with each other, but be disposed of separately from each other in the most economical and environmentally acceptable ways.The system assumes that in addition to traditional methods, waste reduction, recycling and composting (reduce reuse recycle approach) should become an integral part of sweepings management. It is assumed that the combination of several mutually complementary programs and activities, rather than one technology, even the most modern one, can contribute to an effective solution of the waste problem.For each specific region, it is necessary to choose a certain combination of approaches that take into account local experience and local resources. The plan of measures in the sweepings stewardship system is based on the study of the flows of waste generated in different industries (including households), the evaluation of available options, and includes the implementation of small pilot projects that allow gathering information and gaining experience. At present, sweepings management is regulated by separate provisions of laws, regulations, and rules in the field of environmental protection and waste management. A lot of useful information can also be found in the scientific essay on waste disposal. The modern structure of the system of environmental law combines legal regulation of nature stewardship for facilities with functional regulation of environmental protection and environmental safety.Thus, the use of a set of different methods for processing sweepings, focused on regional and sectoral applications, is a waste management system. It should be built in the form of a hierarchical structure in which priority is given to methods that reduce the generation of sweepings , their reuse, and recycling, thereby reducing the volume of waste to be buried or destroyed. Waste Management System Hierarchy The hierarchy begins with the diminution of sweepings at the source. This implies a diminution in the total amount of waste and a decrease in their toxicity and other harmful properties. The diminution of sweepings is achieved by reorienting producers and consumers to products and packaging, resulting in less waste. The next level is recycling. This makes it possible to make full use of materials and reduce the amount of sweepings generated, and also significantly reduce the amount of waste that is consumed in landfills or incineration plants. The third level of recuperation is the processing of materials, including composting of organic matter, melting glass, metal, plastic and other forms of recuperation of useful materials, preventing their disposal. At the same time, recycling is the return of sweepings to the same technological process that led to their formation, and the recuperation is the use of waste after processing, or without it, in other technological processes or to generate energy. The fourth level is the extraction of energy. Incineration reduces the amount of sweepings that enters landfills and can be used to generate electricity. Modern incineration plants are equipped with emission cleaning systems, power generators used in combination with other methods. The fifth level is a burial on polygons. This remains necessary for wastes that are not recyclable, fireproof or combustible with the release of toxic substances. Modern sanitary polygons that meet environmental requirements do not closely resemble the landfills that are familiar to everyone: they are the most complicated engineering structures equipped with water and air pollution control systems that use methane generated during the rotting process to produce heat and electricity. The use of various combinations of recyclization, processing, composting and diminution of sweepings volumes leads to the most efficient functioning of the system and, ultimately, to a diminution in the amount of waste generated. At the same time, the sweepings stewardship structure should be organized in such a way that it has the opportunity to adapt to changing conditions in the economic and technological sphere, that is, to develop and improve as the approaches to management and methods of processing materials change. Elements of flexibility, mobility, and consistency that ensure the amplification of a waste stewardship system based on the results and experience of previous stages of its amplification and operation represent the conditions for its self-development.The concept of creating a sweepings   management system provides for the amplification of a set of related organizational, managerial, legal, regulatory, technical, and economic tools for sweepings management, waste m onitoring, and the implementation of promising scientific developments aimed both at improving the technical level of sweepings processing and on the creation and implementation of low-sweepings   technologies. One of the main directions in this area is the improvement of information support and training of specialists in sweepings management. Objects and Management Methods in the Waste Stewardship System When developing a system of state (and regional) sweepings management, one should proceed from the fact that management objects are all sources of sweepings   generation and their consumers and the controlled impact must be carried out in three strategic areas: creation of conditions for reducing the amount of waste; maintenance of growth of volumes of use of sweepings; creation of ecologically safe conditions of storage and a burial place of a waste. In a market economy, priority should be given to legal, regulatory and economic methods of management, that is, it is possible to use both economic incentive methods and economic impact methods. However, at present, sweepings producers do not bear the full economic and social burden of their destruction, shifting it to society. Therefore, the sweepings producer must compensate for the full social cost of handling waste. Main Principles of Waste Management Systems The basic principles of economic regulation in the field of sweepings stewardship are the following. Reducing the amount of sweepings through the introduction of low- and non-sweepings technologies and the involvement in the economic circulation of waste generated during the production process. However, the recycling of certain types of sweepings is economically unprofitable for one enterprise, since it requires certain efforts to collect and store special technologies and production facilities for their processing. Waste disposal costs. The payment for sweepings disposal is a form of compensation for damage to the environment. Funds are accumulated in the accounts of environmental funds and are used to finance environmental activities. Economic stimulation of activities in the field of sweepings management. The main levers of economic incentives should be tax and credit benefits to those users of natural resources who implement measures for resource saving and transition to clean production.

Segnaletica e arredo nel design dellospitalitagrave;

Segnaletica e arredo nel design dellospitalitagrave; SEGNALETICA E ARREDOElena TurazziniPOLITECNICO DI MILANOFACOLTA' di DISEGNO INDUSTRIALE A.A. 2002-2003Molto di quello che si dice e si scrive ÂÆ' inquinamento. (Marshall McLuhan)SEGNALETICA: serve a segnalare, a far riconoscere, ad informareSEGNALE: segno convenzionale per indicare o far conoscere qualcosaINDICARE: far vedere o far capire con cenni, parole o segnalisuggerire, consigliare, prescrivere, rivelare, lasciare intendere, manifestareLa segnaletica come comunicazione e orientamento ha bisogno di un'efficiente organizzazione e progettazione;richiede di coniugare cempetenze tra loro diverse: bisogna tenere conto delle nuove tecnologie, delleconvenzioni, della progettazione grafica, di sociologia e psicologia. Deve informare (letteralmente significa"formare" , dare una forma a qualcosa di nuovo, che seppure esistente, non ? ancora stato definito).in grado di facilitare agli utenti un pronto e sicuro orientamento, e perch? no, anche un miglioramento estetico.esigenze di leggibil it , di durata, di intercambiabilit e di design, di modularit , flessibilit , robustezza eantimanomissioneUn sistema comprende segnavia principali e intermedi, segnaletica di sicurezza, di avvertimento, di divietoe di emergenza, in particolare si possono elencare: posatavoli, moduli informativi su piedistallo, targhe aporta e a muro, pittogrammi, ecc.Extraordinary Canadians: Marshall McLuhanMolte ditte producono sistemi di segnaletica completi per esterni e per interni che rispondono a qualsiasiesigenza, con un ampio assortimento di segnali standard, studiati appositamente per alberghi, hotels e centricongressi. Sono realizzati in alluminio, con finitura oro o argento a specchio e nei colori standard di verniciatura,nel classico "in stile" tipico degli alberghi, a imitazione di quello del grande albergo internazionale dei primidel XX secolo.Alcuni tipi di alberghi invece, come i design hotels, creano su misura la propria segnaletica. In un primomomento perch? la ricerca estetica dei prodotti in commercio non corrisponde con l'attuale ricerca del design,(ma come detto prima...

Analysis Of A Modern China Family English Literature Essay

Analysis Of A Modern China Family English Literature Essay Pa Chin’s Family is a historical, semi-autobiographical narrative of the hardships endured by the members of an aristocratic family during the massive transformation in Chinese social and political order that took place during the early 20th century. The central conflict that is embodied in the novel is the inability of the individuals portrayed in the narrative to move past the often oppressive traditional social constructs that prevent them from moving forward in light of the new revolutionary paradigm that was sweeping the country. Three brothers, Chueh-hui, Chueh-min and Chueh-hsin, are the central figures in this narrative, and the struggle to balance the responsibilities imposed upon them by the traditional order and their desire for radical change defines the essential subject matter of the novel. These conflicting desires tear them apart and force them to either adapt or be left in the past. The work embodies the voice of a nation that was steeped in contradiction, an d demonstrates throughout its passages strong underlying themes of societal disillusionment and unrest. By offering a unique insight into the most personal aspects of life during this tumultuous period of Chinese history, Family offers the historian a critical perspective on the psychological underpinnings of a society undergoing fundamental changes in structure. The increasingly pronounced dichotomy between old and new is critical to the understanding of the narrative in this story. This is represented at numerous avenues, but is revealed most blatantly in a sequence where Chueh-hui’s ponders upon his grandfather’s sleeping body and through careful analysis comes to the realization that the old man ultimately represents â€Å"not his grandfather, but an entire generation† and that he himself was similarly the representative of his own generation. Reflecting further upon this observation leads him to the conclusion that â€Å"they could never see eye-to-eyeâ₠¬ . (Chin 64). This conclusion is important, and foreshadows the inability of China to reconcile the two radically divergent world-views; there would be an ultimate clash between traditionalism and socialist progressivism that tears apart not only the country, but all the bonds that are held within. This antagonism between the old and the new similarly crosses historical lines, with historical texts demonstrating a fundamental disconnect between the traditional constructs that served as the guidance of China’s actions on the world stage for generations and a powerful need for reform that threatened to sweep away these traditional systems. In Madame Sun Yat-Sen’s public address concerning the political left, she opens with the following: â€Å"if China is to survive as an independent country in the modern struggle of nations, her semi- feudal conditions of life must be fundamentally changed and a modern state created to replace the medieval system which has existed fo r more than a thousand years. This task needs to be done by the method of revolution† (Cheng & Lestz 267). Statements such as these reflect a growing animosity towards traditional social constructs, in this instance painting them as â€Å"medieval†. This attitude is indicative of an unwillingness to compromise with the past in order to move forward – it must be burned away to make room for the new.

My Career Goals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

My Career Goals - Essay Example In developing career goals we require two basic types of information i.e. knowledge about self and about career options that are compatible with our interest, values, and skills. Professional acumen, financial obligation, and physical requirements also play a major part in deciding career goals. Being a manager in a public sector Bank, which has already a well-charted career, plans for recruiting manager. Therefore our career goals have already been decided. But the Bank has certain provisions for flexible career growth through internal examinations. So eyeing on those provisions I set my career goal as to reach into the core top management team so that I could be the part of the strategic decision-making process. Changes in the Banking sector are very thick and fast. Adoption to information technology, geographical expansion of business, customer's requirement, new product, and services make it a challenging job. Global exposure and implementation of strict financial norms put our jobs at stake. Technology has changed the complete picture of today's banking. New orientation towards customer's services, facilities of net banking, automation of day-to-day activities of the banks has changed the role of the manager which ultimately results into the change in career goals both short term as well as long term. To accommodate the changes in the short term we have to reorient ourselves through short term training on soft and hard skills. For the long-term perspective, we have to take a comprehensive look at the technological changes, which may occur in the future and analyze our future requirements and then equip ourselves with relevant knowledge and skills. Setting clear cut career goals we have to follow certain well-defined path i.e. state the problems and objectives clearly and define goals, prepare temporary action plan containing every essential step and get ready for several alternatives and choices. Finally, develop a solid action plan to achieve that career goal. We have to be prepared to change the plan midway to suit any changes and setup midterm appraisals to check any deviation so that career goals could be achieved. Â  Accountants who want to catch the latest technology may have found themselves auditing information system, consulting business owners or even be a part of the system software development team. Today's accountants not only understand complex tax laws, accounting principals, business laws and information technologies, but they also have to know how to apply that knowledge in a business environment that is growing and changing rapidly. Â  

Business law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Business law - Essay Example In essence, this plan draws funding from the employers of the employees registered under the plan where they pay premiums of up to a hundred and two percent (Andersen, Rice & Kominski 2011). Therefore, this health plan serves as a temporary reprieve for employees to continue accessing health care until they find another avenue for paying their premiums in the event that any of the above occurs. However, as much as the plan is the right of the employees, it is a mandatory that they make prior notification so as to make the act work for them (Andersen, Rice & Kominski 2011). In this regard, Fran’s Fries is a community located eatery that serves a greater fraction of the community. In essence, the eating joint’s location is on the central part of town where heavy trading and interaction occurs. Fran’s Fries boasts of matching up to big names like Mc Donald and Steers because of the level of service and products on offer. Sequentially, the brains behind this strategi cally placed is Fran who couples as the joint’s owner and manager. Fran has vast experience in the hospitality industry because of previous work engagements with a number of five star hotels. Therefore, the business is one that draws success from passion and remarkable inter employee relationship. Fran’s Fries has created employment for twenty employees who work in the kitchen and also in the front service. Before the economic recession of 2008, the business entity was at the top of the fast food market in the region, which necessitated the need for the management to make their employees live with comfort. According to Fran, business took a turn for the worse when the recession occurred as many of the eatery’s consumers lost their jobs and others opted to carry light foods from their homes rather than eat take-outs. Essentially, fast foods led to the popularity of the eating joint where management also incorporated health care plans for their employees and their families. Moreover, the COBRA policy also followed suit to which the manager did not foresee the occurring of the event. With the recession in sight, Fran had to lay off some workers periodically because the profits realized could not sustain the entire work force. In this regard, the challenge of having to pay for the premiums of the laid off employees faced the business the profit generation was not sufficient for the cause. Therefore, Fran had to battle with ensuring that the business stays afloat and also ensuring that the business complies with the COBRA act. Lucky for the business, they took up a policy that allowed the business to only pay the extended premiums for employees for a period not exceeding four months. However, the manager says that this was also strenuous for the business as the laying off occurred in phases rather than in one stride. This made the incurrence of loses a part of the business until the time that the business stopped the process. By the time the re cession was over, the business owner says that the business had slashed the work force by half, which almost brought Fran’s Fries to the knees. However, Fran insists that the employees that lost their work at Fran’s Fries benefitted from the COBRA policy because four months was enough time for them to find other means of maneuvering. For Fran, the process of ensuring that Fran’s Fries did not crumble was a humbling experience because the business learnt how to survive on

Machiavelli, Plato, Aristotle Essay Example for Free

Machiavelli, Plato, Aristotle Essay Machiavelli in his book â€Å"The Prince† seems to sap the very foundations of morality and stops at nothing short of capsizing the entire edifice of religion. His thoughts resonate with a loathing of true virtue and propagate corrupted politics. Actually, today the term Machiavellianism is used to refer to the use of deceitfulness to advance one’s goals or desires. In ‘The Prince†, Machiavelli breaks from the classical view of virtue as represented by his philosophic predecessors Plato and Aristotle. Whereas his predecessors held virtue in an ideal environment (idealism), Machiavelli defined virtue in a real environment where one is judged by his actions and not by the way his actions ought to be (realism). According to Plato and Aristotle good life only exists in total virtue where a person will be most happy. Plato places emphasis on the extinction of personal desires through love so that one can achieve happiness (Barker, 1959). Aristotle on the other hand believes that an ideal or perfect state brings out the virtue in all men. A person will gain happiness when all their actions and goals are virtuous. This implies that according to Aristotle happiness is a group goal and not an individual goal (Barker, 1959). Plato equally in bringing out the essence of love which must be shared among people suggests that happiness is a group goal. However, virtue in the Machiavellian sense seems to lack a moral tone. By virtue, he alludes to personal qualities needed for the achievement of one’s own ends (Machiavelli, 1998). His view seems to be directed at self interests and not a common goal. In pursuing personal interests, one is not careful about the means by which he does so and therefore is not bound by a moral imperative. In â€Å"The Prince† Machiavelli describes two types of principalities. One is hereditary and the other is acquired. He observes that though no virtue is required to attain a hereditary principality, it takes virtue to acquire and maintain a new principality. The basis of his views does not entirely contradict the classical view on morality, however, he goes on further to illustrate and make allowances for evil, and this is what brings about the contradiction. For example Machiavelli states, â€Å"When a new territory does not share the same language and culture as the prince’s original territory, the prince must have the wisdom and ability to assimilate the new territory† (Machiavelli, 1998). This view wholly concurs with Plato’s on the need for wisdom as a virtue. On ability however, Machiavelli alludes to the use of force or violent means which defies views on classical morality. In the same chapter, he goes on to say that a prince ought to protect his weaker neighbors and prevent the powerful ones from gaining more power. The virtue of courage here echoes the principle virtues as outlined by Plato, courage being one of them. However, Machiavelli encourages the prince not to hesitate in using force to enforce this (Machiavelli, 1998). This goes against the grain of conventional virtue as it encourages people in power to use whatever means, even ruthless, to preserve their power. Machiavelli suggests two ways by which a private citizen can become a prince, either by fortune or by ability. Among those who became princes through ability, Machiavelli cites Moses, Cyrus, Romulus, and Francesco Sforza among others. He gives the example of Borgia who inherited power and later lost it to dissuade princes from depending on fortune but rather to use their abilities to attain success. He makes it clear that virtue or ability is more related to statecraft and less related to morality. In undermining morality, he allows for the use of force to gain and preserve power. He says â€Å"A prince who comes to power by evil means is said to have neither fortune nor ability. Such a prince may gain power, but not glory† (Machiavelli, 1998). By â€Å"evil means,† he refers to the use cruelty in proper and improper ways. He explains that if cruelty is utilized to achieve a necessary goal, then it is proper. However, if it is used to achieve no purpose but to instill f ear into the citizens, it is improper. Consequently, the proper use of force according to Machiavelli is a virtue. This contradicts the virtue of moderation as outlined by Plato which puts restrictions on the use of extreme means such as the use of force to achieve goals. One can infer that Plato would advocate for diplomacy rather than force if a prince aimed at achieving allegiance from his subjects. According to Plato, good life is only attained through perfect love which comes about by a submersion of personal desire. According to Machiavelli, â€Å"a prince does not have to be loved by the people, though still he must not be hated† (Machiavelli, 1998). He goes further to explain that history has revealed that men who were not loved but feared were more effective leaders. A ruler who brings mayhem to his state because of his imprudent kindness should not be considered a good leader. For Machiavelli, the virtue a prince should pursue is â€Å"fear from his subjects and not love (Machiavelli, 1998). Such a prince, he explains, will be able to sustain the morale of his subjects, which takes both wisdom and courage. Therefore according to Machiavelli the prince is better of being feared than loved which contradicts the earlier views of Plato, who placed a great emphasis on the pursuit of love as a major virtue. In chapter eighteen of â€Å"The Prince† Machiavelli argues that total honesty is only practical in an ideal world. However, since the world is characterized by dishonest men, a prince cannot be expected to keep all his pledges. Therefore he should endeavor to use deception to his benefit. Machiavelli uses the analogy of the fox and the lion to encourage the prince to be both cunning and courageous. He explains that whereas â€Å"the fox can recognize snares but cannot drive away wolves, the lion can drive away wolves but cannot recognize snares† (Machiavelli, 1998).In this he means that a prince does not need to possess good qualities but should just appear to possess them, since subjects are only interested in outward appearances if they lead to a favorable end. It is from this view that the term ‘Machiavellianism† has been coined to in today’s usage to mean the use of cunningness to achieve undue advantage over one’s subjects. In comparison to the classical view of virtue, Machiavelli’s view lacks a moral sense. Machiavelli’s work on the prince has received wide criticism from a large front including the Catholic Church. As the devil’s advocate, he seems to break away from the conventional virtues of his predecessors Plato and Aristotle openly deriding the church and its fundamentals. Whereas Plato and Aristotle relate living virtuously to godliness, Machiavelli’s virtue involves lying and subordinating atrocious means to practical ends. Realism, which Machiavelli subscribed to, has been defined as a cynical view to politics devoted to furthering personal interests with no regard to moral or religious structures (Schaub, 1998). This view implies that a prince can be at odds with the moral virtue, a contradiction to the classical concept of virtue postulated by both Plato and Aristotle. At a glance of Machiavelli’s â€Å"The Prince†, we largely infer that he goes all out to ill advice the prince against the classical virtues of his predecessors. He seems to herald the triumph of evil over good. However, taking a critical look at the work, one cannot help but notice gaps and disjunctions in the text. For example the characters he picks to illustrate his case. In showing the proper and effective use of cruelty in chapter seventeen, he uses Hannibal and compares him to Scipio as compassionate and therefore ineffective. This is violently at odds with the truth and is ironic at the same time because Scipio accused of compassion defeats Hannibal at the battle of Zama (Machiavelli, 1998). Also, Machiavelli writes in Italian and not Latin, the language of the scholars of whom the princes are. This leaves the question as to who exactly was his target audience. Was he really advising the princes who already knew how to be cruel or was it the subjects, and if the subjects then for what purpose. Therefore, just as much as we have illustrated how Machiavelli strays from the classical virtue, it rests upon the attentive reader to ingest and make a personal judgment as to what Machiavelli really intended to put across.

Executive Summary of Burbank Boards Essay -- Burbank Boards Business M

Executive Summary of Burbank Boards TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3 PROBLEM DEFINITION 4 NEW SYSTEM OBJECTIVES 6 NEW SYSTEM CONSTRAINTS 7 NEW SYSTEM PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 8 TEXAS INSTRUMENT - COMPOSER 9 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAMS 10 ACTIVITY HIERARCHY DIAGRAMS 11 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction Current System New System  · objectives  · recommendation  · advantages of new system  · how it will solve problems  · implementation  · tools used to document the new system ie.. ERD PROBLEM DEFINITION The main problem at Burbank Boards: Management has not continued to use an out-dated computer based system without realizing the importance of using efficient information systems to gain a competitive edge. Symptoms of the problem at Burbank Boards: 1. Redundacy of effort  · Telemarketing operators enter order data on sales order forms and then key much of the same data into their terminals.  · Buyers fill out Purchase Order Requisition forms and then data entry operators key in the same data.  · Manufacturing orders are placed using paper forms and this data is then keyed into the computer. 2. Poor responsiveness of the system  · Customer orders are not filled as they are received. Instead they are held until the order batches are processed by the order entry, inventory, and billing systems.  · Buyers are notified of the need of raw material replenishment the day after the computer detects that the reorder point has been reached. 3. High credit risks  · The current credit classes have resulted accepting several poor credit customers and in turn, several bad debts have been incurred. 4. Lack of production standards and controls  · Production workers often do not accurately record start and completion times for their jobs sheets.  · The production schedule prepared by production planning and control is only a close approximation to what can be expected. 5. High buyer turnover  · It is extremely difficult to train new buyers who need to be highly skilled at negotiating. Lack of sufficient information may lead to poor purchases.  · Low morale could be contributing to the high turnover. Loss of a buyer leads to loss of valuable experience and expertise that is hard to compensate for. 6. Delayed deliveries by suppliers  · Late delivery dates have caused the company to reschedule... ... will be listed in this report. This type of report is important when the structure of the entities are being developed, and later when they are being coded. Heavy documentation of those areas is necessary to ensure cohesion and consistency throughout the use of the entities. Activity Hierarchy Diagrams Activity Hierarchy Diagramming (AHD) identifies the lowest-level processes of interest to the business through decomposition. AHD shows levels of increasing detail for each function and process until activities decompose to the lowest level (elementary processes). A process is a defined business activity whose executions may be identified in terms of the input and output of entities of specific types. Analyzing business activities independently of data helps you understand:  · The activities of the business  · The nature of information required and produced by these activities, independent of the organizational structure and the existing information systems An accurate and complete activity model lays the foundation for subsequent system design and implementation efforts. More specifically, the upcoming phases require this information in one form or another.

Application of Computer Essay

Computers play a great role in the society. Whether at home, in school, at the mall or in the office, computers significantly help in the accomplishment of various tasks. Be it at work or at play, computers have undeniably been utilized to perform general or specific activities that enable life to be more convenient and worry-free. Computers in Business In the field of business, computers are very useful. They are used in keeping records of daily sales and profits. Computers are also used to prepare materials to promote the products of the business establishments. Computers in Engineering Engineers use computers to create the design of a complex object using a computer program for Computer-Aided Drafting. Computers in the Government Computers are used to keep records of the people that the government serves. Several government agencies use computers to facilitate the task they are required to give to the people. Computers at Home Computers are used at home for recreational purposes. You can listen to music, watch movies and play games. Children use their computers at home to do their schoolwork. Parents use computers to assist them in doing their daily tasks. If your computer at home has internet access, then you can explore the amazing features of the Internet in the comfort of your home. Computers in Manufacturing Computers are used in manufacturing to manipulate machine that perform dangerous tasks or tasks that are repeatedly done. Computers in School Computer Education is one subject taught in schools today. Teachers use computers in classroom instruction, in computing grades and in preparing visual aids. Students use computers to study various computer applications. Libraries are connected to the Internet and students access the internet to do research.

Horses of the Night Notes Essay

Vanessa was 6 years old, and Shallow Creek was a very cold environment o†No leaves grew†¦breath of seals and polar bears snuffled out steamily and turned to ice† – IMAGERY †¢Chris was fifteen when Vanessa met him †¢Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬ ¦let him stay at the Brick House.† ïÆ'Ÿ significance? †¢Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬ ¦high low-sweeping spruce trees shutting out the sun with their dusky out-fanned branches.† (pg 283) – IMAGERY †¢Ã¢â‚¬ At last the front screen door was hurled open and Grandfather Connor strode into the house, followed by a tall lanky boy.† (page 283) – IMAGERY †¢Chris’s physical appearance – â€Å"Grey eyes were slightly slanted, and his hair the colour of couchgrass at the end of summer when it has been bleached to a light yellow by the sun.† (pg 284) †¢Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬ ¦warmly but shyly.† – irony/oxymoron †¢Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬ ¦,looking as granite as a statue in the cemetery.† – SIMILIE †¢Ã¢â‚¬ He’d been lucky to get it, if you ask me anything, Wilf’s family hasn’t got two cents to rub together†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg 285) – grandparents are extremely judgemental of Chris’s family, shows that Chris isn’t the same â€Å"social† class as them †¢Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬ ¦curled into the bay window like a black giant seashell.† – SIMILE †¢Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ just as though he had not heard a word my grandfather was saying.† – shows that Chris had high tolerance †¢Ã¢â‚¬ He simply appeared to be absent.† ïÆ'Ÿ significant? †¢Ã¢â‚¬ The trees were still growing, and the leaves were firmly and greenly on them. The branches has been coaxed into formations of towers and high-up nests where you could look out and see for a hundred miles or more.† – IMAGERY †¢The lake was full of fantasy creatures – water monsters, creatures with necks like snakes, rooster’s comb, hard leather tough. †¢Ã¢â‚¬ Two riding horses† & â€Å"He missed the horses†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ïÆ'   any significance/reference to title of story †¢Story takes place during The Great Depression †¢Vanessa was nine when Chris left Manawaka, mentions Brick House again †¢Ã¢â‚¬ he was not at Shallow Creek. He has not gone abck†¦ northbound train at the first stop after manawaka, cashed his ticker and thumbed a life with a truck to Winnepeg† – shows Chris’s ambition †¢Aunt Edna – unemployed because insurance company cut down staff, moved back to Manawaka †¢Vanessa’s brother, Roderick was born the year Grandmother Connor died o†The strangeness , the unbelievability, of both these events took up all of me.† page 291 †¢When Vanessa was eleven, Chirs returned to Manawaka oChris’s appearance did not change – â€Å"the same knife-boned face with no flesh to speak of† †¢Chris was a travelling salesman who sold vacuums – tried to sell Vanessa’s mother a vacuum, but failed (they couldn’t afford one) †¢Chris then sells magazines, and said he would earn $100 in a month if every sixth person subscribed †¢Chris then produces wool products (socks) with an old-fashioned sewing machine oThinks he hit jackpot – |I think this thing could be quite a gold mine.† †¢Vanessa’s father dies †¢Chris is unemployed again because there were no jobs on the market †¢Ã¢â‚¬ The grass that shone like green wavering light while the horses flew in the splendour of their pride.† ïÆ'   significant? †¢Ã¢â‚¬ He looked different, not only thinner†¦ face and neck were tanned red-brown†¦ wearing denims, farm pants, and a blue plaid shirt.† – Chris became a farmer †¢Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬ËœThe limousine’s over here.’ It was a wagon and two horses† – IRONY †¢ â€Å"Youngsters swam in and out of the house like shoals of nameless fishes.† – SIMILE †¢Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ hardly see the food for the iridescent-winged blue-black bodies squirming all over it.† – IMAGERY †¢ â€Å"The lake was not lonely or unthreatened†¦ I looked at the grey reaches of it and held threatened. It was like a view of God which I had held since my father’s death.† page 296 †¢ â€Å"‘How much brighter the stars are when you’re completely away from any houses?’ †¦ ‘I guess most people don’t give them much thought at all, except maybe to say – very pretty – or like that †¦ They’re gigantic†¦Ã¢â‚¬  – page 297 †¢Chris was 21 and was sent to the army – â€Å"Chris left Shallow Creek some months after the war began.† (page 299) †¢Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ my mother heard from Aunt Tess. Chris had been sent home from England, discharged from the Army because of a mental breakdown. He was now in the provincial mental hospital.† p.299 osignificant because Chris loses his mind †¢Ã¢â‚¬ Animation gone from his face.† †¢Ã¢â‚¬ All his life’s choices had been grown narrower and narrower† †¢Ã¢â‚¬ Only to be a turmoil which appalled him and which he dreaded†¦Ã¢â‚¬  †¢Ã¢â‚¬ Useless strokes of fantasy against a depression that was both the world’s and his own† ïÆ'   SIGNIFICANT †¢Ã¢â‚¬ Slowly, slowly, horses of the night-† – TITLE †¢Ã¢â‚¬ Night must move like this for him †¦ land he journeyed through was inhabited by terrors, the old monster-kings of the lake, or whether he had discovered at last a way for himself to make the necessary dream perpetual† ïÆ'   SIGNIFICANT *** ________________________________________ Vocab – detested, sweltering, cameo, equanimity, simpleton, bludgeoning, wisecrack, malevolent, chivvying, illicitly, jubilant, spiel, overshoes, pronouncements, subterraneon oracle, utterances, engrossed, torrent, fortnight, pallid-eyed, monosyllabic, saurian, perpetual View as multi-pages

Dialogue Writing Tips

Dialogue Writing Tips Dialogue Writing Tips Dialogue Writing Tips By Ali Hale Some writers love dialogue. They find that they have a natural ear for how different characters speak, and that the dialogue races along, carrying the story with it. Others struggle over every word of a dialogue-heavy scene, feeling that the characters sound stiff and unlifelike. Fortunately, there’s a huge amount of great advice on writing dialogue; I’m going to be quoting from three authors and books: Nigel Watts – Teach Yourself Writing a Novel (and Getting Published) Elizabeth George – Write Away: One Novelist’s Approach to Fiction and the Writing Life Robert Graham – How to Write Fiction (and Think About It) The function of dialogue I’m sure you know what dialogue is – spoken words between two or more characters. What I want to look at here is what purpose the dialogue serves within a story. Watts writes that all dialogue should accomplish at least one of the following three things: Moving the story forwards Giving information Contributing to characterisation George agrees that â€Å"in the most basic kinds of writing, dialogue serves the interests of moving the story forwards.† She believes, too, that better writing involves dialogue that contributes to characterisation, where â€Å"what [a character] says and how he says it tell us as much about who he is as do his actions†. For George, however, really good dialogue goes far beyond this. She suggests that it can: Foreshadow events which are to come Make these events more vivid when they do arrive Give characters, and the relationships between them, life Both Watts and George agree that dialogue shouldn’t only exist to give the reader information. This sort of speech invariably sounds clunky and unnatural, as characters often end up telling one another things that the reader knows they’d already be aware of. (â€Å"Your wife, who you married ten years ago†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) Making dialogue sound natural? One of the major struggles which many writers have is writing natural sounding dialogue. Characters often end up sounding stilted, wooden and unreal. George suggest that a good author â€Å"gives [dialogue] the look and sound of natural speech even while he knows he cannot make it a reproduction of natural speech.† Here, George is saying that dialogue should have a certain verisimilitude – it should seem real to the reader, but it shouldn’t have all the umms, errs and false starts of real speech. Try taping two or more people talking, or reading a verbatim transcript of a live show. You’ll find that the result is almost unintelligible. You don’t want your dialogue to be this true to life, though; unless, as George writes, your character â€Å"has a speech impediment, low-wattage brain power, synapses misfiring, or psychological problems, and the dialogue is being used to define his natural limitations.† To make dialogue seem natural – without boring the reader to tears or making them think that all the characters are blathering idiots – try some of these tips: Use contractions (â€Å"don’t†, â€Å"shouldn’t†, â€Å"can’t†) unless a character is very stuffy or speaking in a very formal context. Let characters break off sentences, or speak in phrases rather than sentences. (You might think of these as verbless sentences – they’re great for dialogue.) Have characters interrupt one another. Use the occasional â€Å"um† or â€Å"er†, if a character is being particularly hesitant. Giving characters distinct speech patterns When writing dialogue, it’s important not only to make the words sound natural but to distinguish (and characterise) your characters by the way in which they speak. Graham writes that â€Å"dialogue is characteristic of the person speaking it†, and emphasises that the words a character says must seem â€Å"in-character† for the reader to accept them as real. Watts emphasises that â€Å"as your characters have different physical and emotional characteristics, so too should they speak differently.† Some factors to consider when finding each character’s â€Å"voice†, as well as their personality, are: What sort of educational background does the character have? Where are they from (geographically)? How old are they? What do they do for a living? All of these will affect whether your character is terse or long-winded, whether they use technical terms or layman’s ones. They’ll also determine the sort of slang that your characters use (none at all? Out-of-date slang? Offensive slang?) One area to be cautious about – something which Graham, Watts and George all mention – is the use of dialect. If your character has a very strong regional accent, the reader will quickly get tired (or confused) if you attempt to spell everything out phonetically. As Graham says, â€Å"You don’t want your story to grind to a halt while readers work out syllable by syllable just exactly what has been said.† Try using a couple of regional words to give the dialogue the right flavour: a Scottish character, for instance, would use words like â€Å"wee† (meaning â€Å"small†) and â€Å"bonnie†. Do you find dialogue easy to write, or is it one of your weak areas? Do you have any tips on writing realistic speech that reveals character, moves the story along and makes characters come to life? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:75 Contronyms (Words with Contradictory Meanings)Dawned vs. Donned9 Forms of the Past Tense

Positivist legal theory offers a coherant account of law as a system Essay

Positivist legal theory offers a coherant account of law as a system of legal rules. This allows legal questions to be categorically distinguished from question - Essay Example This allows clear distinguishing of matters of law from matters involving morality, where a higher divine mandate may be invoked. Questions involving morality may create disparities and difficulty in a precise application of the law, since individual and group moral beliefs may differ from place to place and may not allow for the uniform application of the law. However, by clearly specifying that the law and morality are separate questions, the positivist theory allows legal questions to be clearly distinguished from questions involving morality. The salient aspect of the positivist legal theory that was put forward by Hart, is that it offers a comprehensive set of rules, both direct rules as well as secondary meta rules that help to specify how the primary rules will operate. According to Austin, â€Å"a law may be defined as a rule laid down for the guidance of an intelligent being by an intelligent being having power over him.†3 Austin also supports Bentham’s views4 in that every legal norm needs to constitute a threat that is backed up by a sanction; therefore coercion is an essential feature of the law. However, when there is too much of rigid adherence to the rules, the scope for judicial interpretation may be seen to be limited. Therefore Hart fiercely opposes the predictive interpretation of law based upon its coercive aspect on the grounds that such interpretation â€Å"obscures the fact that, where rules exist, deviations from them are not merely grounds for prediction that hostile reactions will follow.... but are also a reason or justification for such reaction and for applying the sanctions.†5 The law viewed as a set of rules therefore also involves the social learning aspect, which Raz has emphasized, applying a test of behavioral guidance to determine that a person could have come to accept the rules without actually deciding to do so, or questioning the original justification for the

Discuss the main causes and effects of gun crime in the USA Essay - 2

Discuss the main causes and effects of gun crime in the USA - Essay Example Subsequently, the following paper makes an insight into most widespread causes and effects of gun violence. One if the factors the most commonly blamed for gun crimes is availability of firearms. The debate over the right of the general population to bear firearms has been among the actively and commonly debated ones. From one side, opponents of gun control argue that any law denying such right would be a violation of the Constitution that allows one to protect property and life from criminals, who would still have a gun, regardless of the prohibition. Although the following position may contain the grain of logic, it, in fact, leads to more crimes, research shows. A recent study that compared data from developed countries on gun ownership and subsequent deaths clearly concluded that more guns mean more gun-related deaths. †There was a correlation between guns per head per country and the rate of deaths with Japan being on one end of the spectrum and the US - on the other† (Boseley, 2013) Subsequently, availability and easy access to guns can be regarded as one of the essentia l causes of gun crimes in the U.S. Another possible cause of gun violence in the United States has been called social conditions that allow the existence of risk factors most commonly associated with gun violence. According to Walker (2014), one of the recent strategies that proved its effectiveness for alleviating the rates of gun crimes has been a mentoring program, focusing on the at-risk population and preventing it from the involvement in felonious situations and aggressive behavior. Success of the program in reducing crimes occurrence proves that unfavorable social conditions are associated with gun crimes. The commonly cited risk factors are unemployment, poverty, and poor education. (Walker, 2014; "Gun violence prevention,") Therefore, the low quality of life should be regarded as a predictor of gun crimes. Apart from that, it is argued that the lack