Social Psychology And Its Effects On Children s Mental...

People learn and gain knowledge through different experiences and these become our guidelines in interpreting future life and unfamiliar situations. These experiences help people to organize the world around them which then also influences their thinking and behaviors on controversial topics such as gender. However, how much are people aware that their attitudes are maybe more automatic than rather voluntary. Is it possible for them to get past their broad assumptions about others based on their limited experiences? There are different fields looking into this subject one of them is social psychology. Researchers have put together a test, Implicit Associations Test, which purpose is to gain more knowledge about people’s mental outlook on categorical associations. I personally wanted to see if I had unknown biases with gender and so I completed the Gender-Science IAT test. It took me around 20 minutes to finish this test and it should reveal if a person associates a particular gender more with science or liberal arts. The test was computed out of three parts. In the first part I needed to answer personal questions about myself such as gender, age, and ethnicity. Anyways, the second part of the test wanted me to answer question about how strongly I associated the different genders with science and liberal arts. Furthermore, it wanted to know my own personal standpoint with these two different fields. For instance, question would be similar to how much I liked studying forShow MoreRelatedPer son Centered Theory7387 Words   |  30 Pagesnot grow without sunlight and water. Rogers believed that every person can achieve their goals, wishes and desires in life. When, or rather if they did so, self actualization took place. 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Horrors of War Free Essays

|Explain how R. C Sherriff conveys the horrors of war to the audience of â€Å"Journey’s End† | | | |English | | | |2/28/2010 | | | |Chloe Archer | Explain how R. C Sheriff conveys the horrors of war to the audience of â€Å"Journey’s End† Journey’s End† is a play written by R. We will write a custom essay sample on Horrors of War or any similar topic only for you Order Now C Sheriff, who had fought during the First World War. This enabled him to bring his experiences into the play which adds to the realism of the French trenches in 1918. First premiered in the year 1928 (10 years after the end of WW1), the audience would have been sensitive to the play because there was a real possibility that they’d lost friends and family in the war. The entire action of â€Å"Journey’s End† does not leave the dugout where the men are based; which allows the audience an insight of how life was for British companies during WW1 and how they coped with war. Although Sheriff did not intend his play to be focused on the horrors of war, his depiction of a realistic setting and characters convey this. We are given information about the war and the men’s way of life by the setting. ‘Through the doorway can be seen the misty grey parapet of a trench and a narrow strip of starlit sky. ’ This shows that the dugout was claustrophobic and frightening since they were so close to no man’s land where so many lives were lost like Raleigh’s. During Raleigh’s death scene, R. C Sheriff uses the stage directions to metaphorically describe Raleigh’s gradual death. The solitary candle burns with a steady flame†¦.. The shock stabs out the candle flame. ’ The stage directions help to describe what is happening outside of the dugout such as ‘The shelling had risen to a great fury’. The writer has personified the shelling for the effect that war has a life of its own which cannot be contr olled by the men, ‘stretcher-bearers’ can be heard by the audience off stage, this shows that people are being injured by the ‘fury’ of the shelling. Hardy and Osborne’s handover lists facts to explain to the audience what happened previously when ‘a dug-out got blown up and came down in the men’s tea. They were frightfully annoyed. ’ R. C Sheriff has used dark humour to show how the men cope with the war. Also Hardy gives important information on the artillery â€Å"We’ve got a Lewis gun just here-â€Å". To deter away from the uncontrollable war the men would talk about the things that could be altered or controlled; for instance Trotter enjoys controlling what they eat ‘Keep ‘em and use ‘em for dumplings next time we ‘ave boiled beef. ’ This helps the men feel secure knowing that there are some things that are controllable and that they have a future albeit only in the short term. A few of the characters are deeply affected by the war; one of them being Hibbert who attempts to use ‘neuralgia’ as an excuse to be discharged from the frontline. This is deemed cowardice by the rest of the soldiers ‘Better die of the pain than be shot for deserting. ’ This is said by Stanhope when Hibbert tries to leave before the German attack. This quote also shows how cowardice was dealt with during the First World War and why it drove other men to cope with war in different ways. For example, Stanhope, turns to drink (alcohol) and soldiers are heard saying that he ’gets a reputation out here for drinking’. This quote shows that most of the men know Stanhope drinks and accept it even though he is a commanding officer. As an audience we are told that he didn’t drink before he joined the war. This is shown by the conversation Osborne has with Raleigh, in which he says Stanhope ‘caught some chaps in a study with a bottle of whisky. Lord! The roof nearly blew off. ’ This quote shows the irony of the situation because when Raleigh knew Stanhope he used to confiscate alcohol off of students but now he has found comfort in drinking it. However Raleigh himself realised the horror of war when Osborne was killed post raid, ‘How can I sit down and eat that-when-when†¦. -when Osborne’s†¦ ’ this quote shows that Raleigh does not know how to cope with Osborne’s death. As Stanhope hasn’t mentioned Osborne after the raid Raleigh thinks that he doesn’t care but he has ‘to forget’ so that he can bear to carry on fighting in the futile war. One of Journey’s End’s main themes is the futility of war; we are shown the uselessness of it when the raid-men returned 7 fewer than when they left. Including Osborne, the fallen men had sacrificed their lives for important information from a German officer which they never got as the German was only ‘a bare headed German boy†¦. ’ who told them what they already knew. So the raid was wasted as the only new information they discovered was that a German soldier carries a pocket knife as well as other ‘oddments’. Stanhope emphasizes this when he ‘speaks in a dead voice’ after the general celebrated ‘how awfully nice- if the brigadier’s pleased. ’ These quotes also indicate that the soldier’s actions are at the general’s whim. The audience saw the war transform Raleigh from a strong eager boy, who was clearly inexperienced as he was unsure of how to address other officers ‘Good evening (he notices Osborne’s grey hair and adds:)sir. ’ Another example of his inexperience is when he states ‘how frightfully quiet it is†¦.. i thought there would be an awful row here’ this shows that he has no concept of the reality of war. However, as time moves on and the play progresses we see Raleigh develops in maturity. We see this when Raleigh and Osborne are having their last drink before the raid; ‘I wonder what the Boche are doing over there now?†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. I don’t know. D’you like Coffee†¦? ’ the author shows here that Raleigh is keen to know as much as possible about the raid whilst Osborne is trying to put it off for as long as possible as he is worried about the ‘millions of bullets’. We, as an audience, see Raleigh become deeply affected by the war, succeeding the raid, (when he had left Osborne dead, in no man’s land). His appearance is more rugged and dismal in comparison to his previous shining uniform this could be a reflection of his emotions as well as just war worn; this would be seen as a landmark in Raleigh’s life in the trenches. The audience is taken through Raleigh’s experience of war and his relationship with his fellow men and officers. He became a steadfast part of the story with which the audience could relate and he formed a connection between the characters and action taking place. It is therefore a loss when he dies that is felt by everyone absorbed in the play. His and the play’s final scene portrays a young man alone in a dark place, with a solitary candle burning for company but is extinguished in a raid that collapses the men’s shelter and snuffs out his life just like the candle. The men’s way of life in the trenches was isolated and boring, which left them to find ways of entertaining themselves: from the opening conversation between Hardy and Osborne we are told one of the ways that they amused themselves, ‘Ever had earwig races?†¦ We’ve had ‘em every evening. ’ Mason is seen as a main source of humour and light relief for the men a good example of this is when he has an ‘unpleasant surprise’ which is a tin of apricot chunks labelled pineapple chunks. This light humour helps the men to cope with the dire way of life; this is in contrast to the dark humour. The men have to live with ‘about two million’ rats which they have to shoot otherwise they ‘gnaw at your boots’ rats also carried many lice and fleas which then infected the men so personal hygiene was hard to maintain. Stanhope talks about imagination ‘He doesn’t see into the earth beyond – the worms wandering about round the stones and roots of trees’. This quote was about Trotter and his lack of imagination which ‘sharpens the mind’ the quote also adds to the claustrophobic living conditions knowing that they are at the same level as worms in the earth. The men also told stories to keep themselves occupied whether from war life or home life, ‘I spent all the time in the garden making a rockery. In the evenings I used to sit and smoke and read – and my wife used to knit socks and play the piano a bit. ’ This was said by Osborne who is known to be the ‘family man’. We are given several images of war throughout the play, Osborne the family man who passed his belongings onto Stanhope to give to his wife before the raid with the possibility that he mightn’t return. This shows his love for his family giving them his personal belongings as a reminder of him and his compassion. Raleigh is seen as stereotypical, eager to fight for his country, recruit. ‘full of guts’ which was one of the reasons why he was selected for the raid. Also he idolised Captain Stanhope from his school memories and was eager to meet him again. The audience are prepared for tragedy at the end of the play because a main character had already died, who was likeable so it showed that no matter how popular the character was he could still be killed. Also when R. C. Sheriff personified the stage directions to give the shelling a life of it’s own from ‘the lighter â€Å"crush† f the smaller shells, there comes the deep resounding â€Å"boom† of Minenwerfer. ’ The noise created from the booms and crushes would also create tension. In conclusion I believe that R. C. Sheriff best shows the horrors of war through the character Raleigh because i feel that he represents war because war starts with an innocence and as the play progresses it is slowly lost this his character could also be representitive of the human race starting with innocence and as the play pshows the affect war can have on a person and the gradual burden of it. The stage directions are a main factor as well because you can not see further than the dug-out, which isolates you away from the ‘front-line’ and the stage directions show war itself with the crashing and booming of bombs and bullets; they also tell the story and help set the scene. I personally feel that war is useless How to cite Horrors of War, Papers

Sports Management and Sports Organization

Question: Discuss about the Sports Management and Sports Organization. Answer: Introduction The ASC or Australian Sports Commissions Integrity guidelines are applicable for all National Sports organization of Australia. The report is an analysis of the integrity guidelines for the sports organization of National basketball league. The various guidelines like, anti doping, member protection, sports science medicine, and different policies like illicit drugs, match fixing policies are beneficial for integrated and effective operations of the NBL or national basketball league. Reviewing ACSs Integrity Guidelines for National Basketball League The NBL is the sports organization of Australia that is dedicated to organization and activities of basketball in Australia (Ausport.gov.au 2016). The Australian team of basketball has to abide by the rules of NBL and the integrity guidelines of the ASC. Role of Directors for Integrity guidelines of National Basketball League The role of directors and leaders for guidelines of integrity consist of: 1. Responsibility for informing others about the activities of the NBL and taking care of the integrity outline of ASC. 2. Looking after the practices and policies of the integrity guidelines for the process of risk management in NBL. 3. Ensuring all the responsibilities and operations are abided by respective members in NBL (Ausport.gov.au 2016). Review of Policy Sports Science and Sports Medicine in National Basketball League The policy of Sports Science and Sports Medicine in NBL covers aspect of the organization and their operations like, clearly assigning roles of individuals, maintaining high performance by the staff involvement, and recruiting qualifies and best supporting staffs for NBL (Parent and Chappelet 2015). The medicinal issues like medication, injection, supplementation protocol, and listing team physician/doctor in NBL are also to be followed by the ACS guidelines. Analysis of Anti-Doping and Illicit drugs This policy in NBL would implement the non usability of drugs by the team members and anti-doping practice approval in the organization (Authority 2014). The Therapeutic use Exemption medicines must be practiced in NBL in accordance to the guidelines of integrity of ACS. The violation of this policy would result in banning the culprit player. Review of Match fixing policy in National Basketball League The team members of NBL should be strictly prohibited from the match fixing as per the guidelines of the ACS (Haberfeld and Sheehan 2014). It would be helpful in understanding the extent of the international and domestic market, betting market for sub elite and lower tier and capacity of identifying the personal issue of the player. Review of Member protection policy in National Basketball League The NBL would have to ensure the complaints of the members received and offer complaints handling for the staffs and volunteers. It would help in ensuring the staffs, players and coaches relevant education and committed to their safety. Conclusion The member protection, anti doping, match fixing, illicit drugs and medication policy of Integrity guideline of ASC would help in forming an organization that is capable and well structured. ACS is committed to form the integrated team and members in Australia with the help of their guidelines. References Ausport.gov.au.(2016). [online] Available at: https://www.ausport.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/649201/34435_ASC_Integrity_Guidelines_for_NSO_Board_Directors_FA.pdf [Accessed 21 Jul. 2016]. Authority, A.S.A.D., 2014. Australian Sports Anti-Doping Authority 201314 Annual Report.Canberra: ASADA. Haberfeld, M.R. and Sheehan, D., 2014.Match-fixing in International Sports. Springer. Parent, M.M. and Chappelet, J.L., 2015.Routledge Handbook of Sports Event Management. Routledge.